■ChineseSocietyandCulture
◆ TheImportanceof “Face”
Theconceptof “face” isroughlytranslatedinto “honor”, “goodreputation” or “respect”.Therearefourtypesof “face”:
◇Diu-mian-zi: itreferstotheexposureofone’sactionsordeedstopeople.
◇Gei-mian-zi: itdenotesthegivingoffacetoothersbyshowingrespect.
◇Liu-mian-zi: thisiswhenonetriestoavoidmistakesandshowwisdominaction.
◇Jiang-mian-zi: thisiswhenfaceisincreasedthroughothers’ commendation.
Itisveryimportantforyounottolosefaceorcausethelossoffaceatalltimes.
◆ Confucianism
: rulersandsubjects; husbandandwife; parentsandchildren; brothersandsisters; friendsandfriends.
Confucianismputemphasisonobligation, sincerity, loyalty, honor, filialpiety, , societyitselfbecomesstable.
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GenerallytheChineseareacollectivesociety, whichhaveaneedforgroupaffiliation, whethertotheirfamily, school, workingteam, , ’tagreewithwhatanotherpersonsays, ratherthanopposepublicly, , whiledisagreeingpubliclywouldmakebothpartiesloseface.
◆ Non-verbalCommunication
TheChinese’ , theydependonfacialexpression, , mostChinesejustdon’-manneredtostareintoanotherperson’.
■ChineseEtiquetteandCustoms
◆ MeetingEtiquette
◇Greetingsareformalandalwaysgreettheoldestpersonfirst.
◇Themostcommonformofgreetingwithforeignersishandshakes.
◇WhengreetingsomeonemanyChinesewilllooktowardstheground.
◇-namebasis, theywilladviseyouwhichnametouse.
◇.
◆ GiftGivingEtiquette
◇UsuallypeopleexchangegiftsatChineseNewYear, weddings, birthsandmorerecently (becauseofmarketing), birthdays.
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传送门： 各国礼仪英语 现代国际礼仪英文版pdf 礼仪名词解释:礼仪的现代意义和发展