ChapterI
(mysteriousbecausethelawsoftheirmotionareunknowntous) continuedtooperate.
Thoughthesurfaceoftheseaofhistoryseemedmotionless, , thecomingformationanddissolutionofkingdomsanddisplacementofpeopleswasincourseofpreparation.
, whoformerlyreflectedthemovementofthemassesbyorderingwars, campaigns, andbattles, nowreflectedtherestlessmovementbypoliticalanddiplomaticcombinations, laws, andtreaties.
Thehistorianscallthisactivityofthehistoricalfigures "thereaction."
Indealingwiththisperiodtheysternlycondemnthehistoricalpersonageswho, intheiropinion, , fromAlexanderandNapoleontoMadamedeStael, Photius, Schelling, Fichte, Chateaubriand, andtherest, passbeforetheirsternjudgmentseatandareacquittedorcondemnedaccordingtowhethertheyconducedtoprogressortoreaction.
AccordingtotheiraccountsareactiontookplaceatthattimeinRussiaalso, andthechiefculpritwasAlexanderI, thesamemanwhoaccordingtothemwasthechiefcauseoftheliberalmovementatthecommencementofhisreign, beingthesaviorofRussia.
ThereisnooneinRussianliteraturenow, fromschoolboyessayisttolearnedhistorian, whodoesnotthrowhislittlestoneatAlexanderforthingshedidwrongatthisperiodofhisreign.
".Hebehavedadmirablyatthebeginningofhisreignandduring1812, butactedbadlybygivingaconstitutiontoPoland, formingtheHolyAlliance, entrustingpowertoArakcheev, favoringGolitsynandmysticism, ."
Itwouldtakeadozenpagestoenumerateallthereproachesthehistoriansaddresstohim, basedontheirknowledgeofwhatisgoodforhumanity.
Whatdothesereproachesmean?
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