DonottheveryactionsforwhichthehistorianspraiseAlexanderI (theliberalattemptsatthebeginningofhisreign, hisstrugglewithNapoleon, thefirmnesshedisplayedin1812andthecampaignof1813) flowfromthesamesources—thecircumstancesofhisbirth, education, andlife—thatmadehispersonalitywhatitwasandfromwhichtheactionsforwhichtheyblamehim (theHolyAlliance, therestorationofPoland, andthereactionof1820andlater) alsoflowed?
Inwhatdoesthesubstanceofthosereproacheslie?
ItliesinthefactthatanhistoriccharacterlikeAlexanderI, standingonthehighestpossiblepinnacleofhumanpowerwiththeblindinglightofhistoryfocuseduponhim; acharacterexposedtothosestrongestofallinfluences: theintrigues, flattery, andself-deceptioninseparablefrompower; acharacterwhoateverymomentofhislifefeltaresponsibilityforallthatwashappeninginEurope; andnotafictitiousbutalivecharacterwholikeeverymanhadhispersonalhabits, passions, andimpulsestowardgoodness, beauty, andtruth—thatthischaracter—thoughnotlackinginvirtue (thehistoriansdonotaccusehimofthat)—hadnotthesameconceptionofthewelfareofhumanityfiftyyearsagoasapresentdayprofessorwhofromhisyouthupwardshasbeenoccupiedwithlearning: thatis, withbooksandlecturesandwithtakingnotesfromthem.
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