Thelifeofthenationsisnotcontainedinthelivesofafewmen, .
Thetheoryofthetransferenceofthecollectivewillofthepeopletohistoricpersonsmayperhapsexplainmuchinthedomainofjurisprudenceandbeessentialforitspurposes, butinitsapplicationtohistory, assoonasrevolutions, conquests, orcivilwarsoccur—thatis, assoonashistorybegins—thattheoryexplainsnothing.
Thetheoryseemsirrefutablejustbecausetheactoftransferenceofthepeople'swillcannotbeverified, foritneveroccurred.
Whateverhappensandwhoevermaystandattheheadofaffairs, thetheorycanalwayssaythatsuchandsuchapersontooktheleadbecausethecollectivewillwastransferredtohim.
Therepliesthistheorygivestohistoricalquestionsareliketherepliesofamanwho, watchingthemovementsofaherdofcattleandpayingnoattentiontothevaryingqualityofthepasturageindifferentpartsofthefield, ortothedrivingoftheherdsman, shouldattributethedirectiontheherdtakestowhatanimalhappenstobeatitshead.
"Theherdgoesinthatdirectionbecausetheanimalinfrontleadsitandthecollectivewillofalltheotheranimalsisvestedinthatleader." Thisiswhathistoriansofthefirstclasssay—thosewhoassumetheunconditionaltransferenceofthepeople'swill.
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