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战争与和平(上、下册)_托尔斯泰(ChapterV) 第(2/3)页

"Iftheanimalsleadingtheherdchange, thishappensbecausethecollectivewillofalltheanimalsistransferredfromoneleadertoanother, accordingtowhethertheanimalisorisnotleadingtheminthedirectionselectedbythewholeherd." Suchisthereplyhistorianswhoassumethatthecollectivewillofthepeopleisdelegatedtorulersunderconditionswhichtheyregardasknown.(Withthismethodofobservationitoftenhappensthattheobserver, influencedbythedirectionhehimselfprefers, regardsthoseasleaderswho, owingtothepeople'schangeofdirection, arenolongerinfront, butononeside, orevenintherear.)

"Iftheanimalsinfrontarecontinuallychangingandthedirectionofthewholeherdisconstantlyaltered, thisisbecauseinordertofollowagivendirectiontheanimalstransfertheirwilltotheanimalsthathaveattractedourattention, andtostudythemovementsoftheherdwemustwatchthemovementsofalltheprominentanimalsmovingonallsidesoftheherd." Sosaythethirdclassofhistorianswhoregardallhistoricalpersons, frommonarchstojournalists, astheexpressionoftheirage.

Thetheoryofthetransferenceofthewillofthepeopletohistoricpersonsismerelyaparaphrase—arestatementofthequestioninotherwords.

Whatcauseshistoricalevents? ? ? , powerispower: inotherwords, powerisawordthemeaningofwhichwedonotunderstand.

Iftherealmofhumanknowledgewereconfinedtoabstractreasoning, thenhavingsubjectedtocriticismtheexplanationof "power" thatjuridicalsciencegivesus, , besidesabstractreasoning, .


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