Ihaveotherreasonsforfearingthatthislogicalidealofevolutionaryregimentation—thispigeonfanciers' polity—, humansocietyiskepttogetherbybondsofsuchasingularcharacter, , suchasthoseconstitutedbybeesandants, havealsoarisenoutoftheadvantageofco-operationinthestruggleforexistence; andtheirresemblancesto, andtheirdifferencesfrom, "toeachaccordingtohisneeds, fromeachaccordingtohiscapacity." Withinit, , drones, andworkershaveeachtheirallottedsufficiencyoffood; eachperformsthefunctionassignedtoitintheeconomyofthehive, andallcontributetothesuccessofthewholecooperativesocietyinitscompetitionwithrivalcollectorsofnectarandpollenandwithotherenemies, , orthecolony, isaworkofhumanart, thebeepolityisaworkofapiarianart, broughtaboutbythecosmicprocess, workingthroughtheorganizationofthehymenopteroustype.
Nowthissocietyisthedirectproductofanorganicnecessity, , Iamdisposedtodenythemmorethanthemerestrudimentsofconsciousness.[1]Butitiscurioustoreflectthatathoughtfuldrone (workersandqueenswouldhavenoleisureforspeculation) withaturnforethicalphilosophy, , withperfectjustice, thatthedevotionoftheworkerstoalifeofceaselesstoilforameresubsistencewage, cannotbeaccountedforeitherbyenlightenedselfishness, orbyanyothersortofutilitarianmotives; sincethesebeesbegintowork,withoutexperienceorreflection, , aneternalandimmutableprinciple, innateineachbee, ,thebiologist, whotracesoutalltheextantstagesofgradationbetweensolitaryandhivebees, asclearlyseesinthelatter, simplytheperfectionofanautomaticmechanism, hammeredoutbytheblowsofthestruggleforexistenceupontheprogenyoftheformer,duringlongagesofconstantvariation.
[1] CollectedEssays, vol.i., 'AnimalAutomatism'; vol.v.,'Prologue,' pp.45etseq.
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