Notonlyisthestateofnaturehostiletothestateofartofthegarden; buttheprincipleofthehorticulturalprocess, bywhichthelatteriscreatedandmaintained,, ; thetendencyofthehorticulturalprocessistheadjustmentoftheconditionstotheneedsoftheformsofplantlifewhichthegardenerdesirestoraise.
Thecosmicprocessusesunrestrictedmultiplicationasthemeanswherebyhundredscompetefortheplaceandnourishmentadequateforone; itemploysfrostanddroughttocutofftheweakandunfortunate; tosurvive, thereisneednotonlyofstrength, butofflexibilityandofgoodfortune.
Thegardener, ontheotherhand, restrictsmultiplication;providesthateachplantshallhavesufficientspaceandnourishment; protectsfromfrostanddrought; and, ineveryotherway, attemptstomodifytheconditions, insuchamannerastobringaboutthesurvivalofthoseformswhichmostnearlyapproachthestandardoftheusefulorthebeautiful, whichhehasinhismind.
Ifthefruitsandthetubers, thefoliageandtheflowersthusobtained, reach, orsufficientlyapproach, thatideal,, , , Ifearthemostskilfulofgardenerswouldhavetogiveupthecultivationofapplesandgooseberries;while, ifthoseoftheglacialperiodonceagainobtained,openasparagusbedswouldbesuperfluous, andthetrainingoffruittreesagainstthemostfavourableofmouthwalls, awasteoftimeandtrouble.
Butitisextremelyimportanttonotethat, thestateofnatureremainingthesame, iftheproducedoesnotsatisfythegardener, , , itisoftenstrangelyforgottenthattheessentialconditionsofthemodification, orevolution, ,fruits, roots, tubers, andbulbsarenotproductsofselectionbymeansofthestruggleforexistence, butofdirectselection, , occupyingthesamestationandsubjectedtothesameconditions, inthegarden, , , forexample, thewildkalebecomesacabbage,orthewildViolatricolor, aprizepansy.
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