[英国]约翰·亨利·纽曼/JohnHenryNewman
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Nowfromtheseinstances, towhichmanymoremightbeadded, itisplain, first, thatthecommunicationofknowledgecertainlyiseitheraconditionorthemeansofthatsenseofenlargementorenlightenment, ofwhichatthisdaywehearsomuchincertainquarters:thiscannotbedenied;butnext, itisequallyplain, , notmerelyinthepassivereceptionintothemindofanumberofideashithertounknowntoit, butinthemind'senergeticandsimultaneousactionuponandtowardsandamongthosenewideas, , reducingtoorderandmeaningthematterofouracquirements;itisamakingtheobjectsofourknowledgesubjectivelyourown;or, touseafamiliarword, itisadigestionofwhatwereceive, intothesubstanceofourpreviousstateofthought;andwithoutthisnoenlargementissaidtofollow.
Thereisnoenlargement, unlesstherebeacomparisonofideasonewithanother, astheycomebeforethemind, , whenwenotonlylearn, ;butthelocomotion, themovementonwards, ofthatmentalcenter, towhichbothwhatweknowandwhatwearelearning, theaccumulatingmassofouracquirement, , andrecognizedtobesuchbythecommonopinionofmankind, suchastheintellectofAristotle, , orofNewton, orofGoethe（IpurposelytakeinstanceswithinandwithouttheCatholicpale, whenIwouldspeakoftheintellectassuch），isonewhichtakesaconnectedviewofoldandnew, pastandpresent, farandnear, andwhichhasaninsightintotheinfluenceofalltheseoneonanother;withoutwhichthereisnowhole, , notonlyofthings, butalsooftheirmutualandtruerelations;knowledge, notmerelyconsideredasacquirement, butasphilosophy.
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