[17] “liquidity”10inresponsetofinancialturmoil, aswellasthemeaningandimportanceoftheveryconceptofliquidity; thecentralbank’sroleasalenderoflastresort; howvariousfiscalactionsaffectthemacro-economyintheshortrun; therolesofforeign-currencyreserves, exchange-rateregimes, andotherfactorsindetermininghowacrisisistransmittedacrosscountries; theseeminglypuzzlinglysmallfallininflationsofarduringthecrisis, andwhatthatindicatesaboutthestructureoftheeconomyandcompetingtheoriesofinflation; themagnitudeanddeterminantsofthelongtermmacroeconomiceffectsoffinancialcrises; , oneofthefewsilverliningsofthecrisisisthatitmakestodayaparticularlyexciting, andparticularlyimportant, timeformacroeconomics.
Notes
: bornin1927, -digitinflationratesintheearly1980sandusheredinaneraoffinancialderegulationandinnovation.
: areductioninthevolatilityofbusinesscyclefluctuationsstartinginthemid-1980s, referringtothemajoreconomicvariablessuchasrealgrossdomesticproductgrowth, industrialproduction, , informationtechnologyandgreaterflexibilityinworkingandotherstructuralchanges.
: aclaimbyRobertLucasthatunemploymenteventuallyreturnstoitsnormalor “natural” rate, .
: thecentralbankingsystemintheunitedStates, establishedbytheFederalReserveActof1913, consistsof12federalreservebanks, , D.C., .
: ’, andisthoughttohaveplayedamajorroleintheunfoldingofthelate-2000sglobalfinancialcrisis.
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