WilliamJames
Pre-reading
WilliamJames (1842-1910) wasanAmericanphilosopher, , (2002) .
James’ workinfluencedmany, includingPresidents.OnApril17, 1977, PresidentJimmyCartermadethespeech “MoralEquivalentofWar”, equatingtheUnitedStates’ 1970scrisisinenergyandthechangesandsacrificesCarter’sproposedplanswouldrequirewiththe “moralequivalentofwar”.ThespeechmayhaveborrowedthetitleofJames’ classicessayTheMoralEquivalentofWar, andmuchofitsthemeandthememorablephrasederivedfromhislastspeech, deliveredatStanfordUniversityin1906, inwhichJamesconsideredoneoftheclassicproblemsofpolitics: howtosustainpoliticalunityandcivicvirtueintheabsenceofwar.
PromptsforYourReading
, “Thereissomethinghighlyparadoxicalinthemodernman’srelationtowar.” Findoutwhatisinhismind.
, thenwhyaremodernmenfascinatedbythewars?
?
?
, “Ourancestorshavebredpugnacityintoourboneandmarrow, andthousandsofyearsofpeacewon’tbreeditoutofus.” Whatdoesthismean?
“present-daycivilizedopinion” ofwarandpeace?
?
?
“thefearofemancipationfromthefear-regime”? (Thinkofthetwounwillingnessesthatfollowthistopic.)
“collectivity”?
11.“Idonotbelievethatpeaceeitheroughttobeorwillbepermanentonthisglobe, unlessthestatespacificallyorganizedpreservesomeoftheoldelementsofarmy-discipline.” Whatelementsofarmy-disciplinedoestheauthorhaveinmind?
, thanmartialvirtues, ofone’scountrythatcometoberegardedwithsimilarlyeffectivefeelingsofprideandshame?
“thearmyenlistedagainstNature”?
?
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综合英语西方思想经典选读电子版