[17] WhenIsaythattheobjectoflawsisalwaysgeneral, Imeanthatlawconsiderssubjectsenmasseandactionsintheabstract, , , andevenlaydownthequalificationsformembershipoftheseclasses, butitcannotnominatesuchandsuchpersonsasbelongingtothem; itmayestablishamonarchical9governmentandhereditary10succession, butitcannotchooseaking, , nofunctionwhichhasaparticularobjectbelongstothelegislative11power.
[18] Onthisview, weatonceseethatitcannolongerbeaskedwhosebusinessitistomakelaws, sincetheyareactsofthegeneralwill; norwhethertheprinceisabovethelaw, sinceheisamemberoftheState; norwhetherthelawcanbeunjust, sincenooneisunjusttohimself; norhowwecanbebothfreeandsubjecttothelaws, sincetheyarebutregistersofourwills.
[19] Weseefurtherthat, asthelawunitesuniversalityofwillwithuniversalityofobject, whataman, whoeverhebe, commandsofhisownmotioncannotbealaw; andevenwhattheSovereigncommandswithregardtoaparticularmatterisnonearerbeingalaw, butisadecree, anact, notofsovereignty, butofmagistracy.
[20] Ithereforegivethename “Republic” toeveryStatethatisgovernedbylaws, nomatterwhattheformofitsadministrationmaybe: foronlyinsuchacasedoesthepublicinterestgovern, ; whatgovernmentisIwillexplainlateron.
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