[1] Thequestionofthepurposeofhumanlifehasbeenraisedcountlesstimes; , , onthecontrary, asthoughonehadarighttodismissthequestion, foritseemstoderivefromthehumanpresumptuousness, , unless, perhaps, , fortherearemanyanimalsofwhichmancanmakenothing, excepttodescribe, classifyandstudythem; andinnumerablespeciesofanimalshaveescapedeventhisuse, , .
[2] ? ; , , ontheonehand, atanabsenceofpainandunpleasure, and, ontheother, “happiness” , man’sactivitydevelopsintwodirections, accordingasitseekstorealize — inthemain, orevenexclusively — theoneortheotheroftheseaims.
[3] Aswesee, , andyetitsprogramisatloggerheadswiththewholeworld, ; “happy” isnotincludedintheplanof “Creation”.Whatwecallhappinessinthestrictestsensecomesfromthe (preferablysudden) satisfactionofneedswhichhavebeendammeduptoahighdegree, , : fromourownbody; whichisdoomedtodecayanddissolutionandwhichcannotevendowithoutpainandanxietyaswarningsignals; fromtheexternalworld, whichmayrageagainstuswithoverwhelmingandmercilessforcesofdestruction; , althoughitcannotbeanylessfatefullyinevitablethanthesufferingwhichcomesfromelsewhere.
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