: originally, : (psychoanalysis) aFreudiantermforsexualurgeordesire; — weonlyhavesomuchlibido: ifweinvestitinonearea, , ininstancesofsublimationordisplacement, itcanbedirectedatanyactivity.
: apsychologicalprocessthatoccurswhensexualenergyisredirectedtowardadifferent, often “higher” aim, suchaspaintingorwriting.
: Freudusesthetermeconomybroadlytodenotethemannerinwhichlibidinalenergyisdistributedinagiveninstance.
: derivedfromtheGreekmythologicalfigure, Narcissus, .
: amentaldisorderthatinvolvesoutrightrejectionordenialofreality; , veryseveredepression, andmanic-depressivedisorder.精神错乱
: anabnormalconditioninwhichanolderchildoradultretainsinfantilecharacteristics幼稚病
: apsychologicalconflictbetweenone’sconsciousandunconsciousselves(betweenegoandid).Resultsinpsychologicaldiscomfortandofteninspecificneuroticsymptomsthatarerelatedtotheunderlyingproblem.神经症
QuestionsforFurtherThinking
1.AttheendofParagraph1, Freudclaimsthat “onlyreligioncananswerthequestionofthepurposeoflife...thattheideaoflifehavingapurposestandsandfallswiththereligioussystem”.Doyouagreeordisagree? Whatdefinesthepurposeoflifeforyou?
?
“wearesomadethatwecanderiveintenseenjoymentfromacontrastandverylittlefromastateofthings” (Paragraph3).Doyouthinkwhatheclaimsofhumannatureisjustified?
: fromourownbody, fromtheexternalworld, -inclusive? Cananythingotherthanthesethreealsocausesuffering?
, inFreud’sview, canbeunderstoodasaproblemoftheeconomicsoftheindividual’?
’? Whatdoyouthinkisthemotivationbehindanartist’screativework?
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