ThomasHobbes
Pre-reading
ThomasHobbes (1588-1679) wasoneofthegreatestEnglishphilosophersandpoliticaltheorists, , wherehelearntacontemptforthephilosophyofPlatoand, especially, , hejoinedthefamilyoftheEarls(laterDukes) ofDevonshireasatutorandtraveledwithhispupilinEurope, whereheengagedGalileoinphilosophicaldiscussionsonthenatureofmotion.
Helaterturnedtopoliticaltheory, buthissupportforabsolutismputhimatoddswiththerisingantiroyalistsentimentofthetime.HefledtoParisin1640, wherehetutoredthefutureKingCharles Ⅱ -knownwork, Leviathan(1651), “StateofNature”, andthattoavoidthathorrificcondition, wherelifewas “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, andshort”, andmenmustcontracttoestablishasovereignpowerwithsufficientauthoritytoenforcelawsandmaintainorder.
HobbesreturnedtoBritainin1651afterthedeathofCharles Ⅰ..
PromptsforYourReading
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[1] Itistruethatcertainlivingcreatures, asbeesandants, livesociablyonewithanother (whicharethereforebyAristotle2numberedamongstpoliticalcreatures), andyethavenootherdirectionthantheirparticularjudgmentsandappetites; norspeech, wherebyoneofthemcansignifytoanotherwhathethinksexpedientforthecommonbenefit: :
[2] Firstly, thatmenarecontinuallyincompetitionforhonoranddignity, whichthesecreaturesarenot; andconsequentlyamongstmentherearisethonthatground, envy, andhatred, andfinallywar; butamongstthesenotso.
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综合英语西方经典文学作品电子版
综合英语西方思想经典选读
综合英语西方思想经典选读电子版