: adispositionortendencytoyieldtothewillofothers
QuestionsforFurtherThinking
, theauthorsays, “Otherwiseitwouldnotbepossibletoexplainwhythingshavehappenedastheyhaveratherthanotherwise...” Doyouagreewithhim? Whyorwhynot?
2.“Theultimatereasonoftherealitybothofessencesandofexistencesinaunitymustcertainlybegreater, higher, andpriortotheworlditself, sincethroughitalonenotonlytheexistentthings, whichtheworldcontains, butalsothethingsthatarepossiblehavetheirreality.” Whatcould “essences” and “thethingsthatarepossible” meanhere?
?
, aswehavelearned, “perfection”, .
5.“Asfortheafflictionsofmen, andespeciallyofgoodmen, wemustholdourselvesassuredthattheycontributetothegreatergoodofthosewhosufferthem.” Whatisthisgreatergoodtheafflictionsdotothosewhosufferthem?
’saccountsconfusing, contradictoryorevensophistic? Makeyourdoubtsandfurtherexploretheideasinvolvedthroughmorein-depthresearch.
After-readingAssignment
OralWork
’sdescriptionofthe“perfect” world, relatetocontrarystatesoftheworldandfindothersourcesthanthoseofGod.
’sperfectjobandaretroubledbythephenomenon: “Oftentheworstofsufferingsfalluponthebestmen; theinnocentareafflicted, andareslainevenwithtortures.” , .
3.“Hewhohasnottastedwhatisbitterhasnotearnedwhatissweet, , thatpositivepleasuredoesnotcomefromanevencourse; suchthingsproduceweariness, andmakemendull, notjoyful.”Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisidea? Shareyourviewwithyourpartner.
WrittenWork
1.“Wemaytakepleasureinsmalldangers, orintheexperienceofills, fromtheverysenseorprooftheygiveusofourownpowerorfelicity.” Composeashortessayofabout400wordsinsupportofthisstatementwithstrongevidence.
’.
: 1) Failureislikeabrutalinjury; it’sverydebilitating, especiallyatfirst, butonceyougetoverit, youarereadytotakeontheworldagain.2) , butstayingtherewilleventuallykillyou.3) Loveislikearose, sosweet, .
, .
FurtherReadings
AFreeMan’sWorshipbyBertrandRussell
AComparativeStudyofReligionsbyAnanda
《英国自然神论：起源和结果》，约翰·奥尔著
《〈圣经〉文学阐释教程》，刘意青编著
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