: revealed, toldasifinprivate
: thecontrolorguardianshipbythechosenfewwhowillnevergowrongormakemistakes
: (1842-1910) anoriginal, independentthinkerinthefieldsofphysiology, , ThePrinciplesofPsychology, , Pragmatism: ANewNameforOldWaysofThinking (1907), Jamespropoundedhistheoriesofpragmatism, thequintessentialAmericanphilosophy.
: inthelastfewconcludingpagesofcertainbookthatshallnotbechallenged, questionedordisobeyed
: Privatemeansischaracterizedbyprivateownershipoflandandotherassets, marketeconomyandfreetrade; publicmeansischaracterizedbystateownershipandgovernmentplannedeconomy.此处可理解为私有制和公有制。
: politicallyconservativeandtraditional, supportingtheidealsofcapitalism右翼的
: politicallysupportingtheideasofsocialism左翼的
: wordswithemotionalorpoliticalmeaningsthatarelikelytoexciteemotionsorcauseemotionalresponse
: remakeortransformtheworld
QuestionsforFurtherThinking
?
, whatotherfactorsmaybringabouttheincreaseofproductivity?
, ? Whichdoyouthinkismostessential?
“fox” interpret, preserveandtransformtheworld? Howwoulda“hedgehog” dothesethingsdifferently?
? Inwhatwaysdoyourtraditionandeducationinfluenceyourinterpretationofthetwo?
, canyoufindexamplesfromChinesehistorytoexplainthesamething?
’sideology? ExplorethehistoryoftheunitedStatesandfindouthowthecountrystartedtodevelopinthedirectionofindustrializationandurbanization.
-embracing, all-explanatorysystemofrigiddogma?
“theonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse”.(Paragraph21) Doyouagree? Whyorwhynot?
? Whatlessonshaveyoulearnedfromit?
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