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Afallacyis, verygenerally, , , afallacyisan“argument” inwhichthepremisesgivenfortheconclusiondonotprovidetheneededdegreeofsupport.
1) Detectproblemsfromthefollowingarguments.
ExampleI:
Ferris: So, whoareyougoingtovotefor?
Libard: Well, IwasthinkingaboutvotingforJane, , .
Ferris: Youknow, ’dseeyouandthosetwopigsonthesameside.
Libard: Well, maybeitistimethatwehaveawomanaschair.
ExampleII:
Jane: I’vebeenthinkingaboutgettingacomputer.I’mreallytiredofhavingtowaitinthelibrarytowritemypapers.
Bill: Whatsortofcomputerdoyouwanttoget?
Jane: Well, ithastobeeasytouse, havealowpriceandhavedecentprocessingpower.I’.
Bill: Iwouldn’’’’sworkingoverattheGutBoyBurgerWarehouse.
Jane: IguessIwon’tgowiththeKiwi!
ExampleIII:
Bill: JillandIbothsupporthavingprayerinpublicschools.
Jill: Hey, Ineversaidthat!
Bill: You’, Jill?
ExampleIV:
Bill: Ithinkthatsomepeoplehavepsychicpowers.
Jill: Whatisyourproof?
Bill: Noonehasbeenabletoprovethatpeopledonothavepsychicpowers.
ExampleV:
Joe: Man, I’.
Sam: Notallofit.
Joe: , andlotsofpollution.
Sam: Sure, thatiswhatthenewsshows, , itjustreceivesmostoftheattention.
2) Matchthefalliciesabovewiththeirnames.
① FalseDilemmaisafallacyinwhichapersonusesthefollowingpatternof“reasoning”:
EitherclaimXistrueorclaimYistrue (whenXandYcouldbothbefalse).
ClaimYisfalse.
ThereforeclaimXistrue.
② “reasoning” hasthefollowingform:
XswithqualityQreceiveagreatdealofattentionorcoverageinthemedia.
ThereforeallXshavequalityQ.
③ “reasoning” hasthefollowingform:
DramaticorvivideventXoccurs (andisnotinaccordwiththemajorityofthestatisticalevidence).
ThereforeeventsoftypeXarelikelytooccur.
④ :
ClaimXispresentedbysideAandtheburdenofproofactuallyrestsonsideB.
SideBclaimsthatXisfalsebecausethereisnoproofforX.
⑤ “reasoning” hasthefollowingform:
ItispointedoutthatpersonAdoesnotlikeacceptclaimP.
ThereforePisfalse.
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