[8],“OceanFreightRatesandProductivity, 1740–1913,”JournalofEconomicHistory48 (1988): 857–858.根据哈利的数据,1959年,一艘从美国驶往利物浦的船平均可载接近140万磅(约合700吨)的棉花,这个数字在1820年是22万9000磅(约合115吨)。此处的数据引自FedericoandTenaJunguito,“WorldTrade, 1800–1938”。, in“GlobalTradeandtheMaritimeTransportRevolution,”ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics92 (2010): 745–755,强调低廉的运费和贸易量的增加之间的因果关系是双向的。
[9]19世纪70年代,帆船仍然在东亚和跨太平洋航行中占主导地位,参见BertBecker,“CoastalShippinginEastAsiaintheLateNineteenthCentury,”JournaloftheRoyalAsiaticSocietyHongKongBranch50 (2010): 245–302, ,“TheSuezCanalandWorldShipping, 1869–1914,”JournalofEconomicHistory18, no.4 (1958): 556–573.关于美国贸易,参见CharlesH.Fitch,“ReportonMarineEnginesandSteamVesselsintheUnitedStatesMerchantService”(1880), inReportonPowerandMachineryEmployedinManufactures, byUSDepartmentoftheInterior (Washington, DC: DepartmentoftheInterior, CensusOffice, 1888).直到1876年,英国船坞建造的大多数船只仍然是帆船,参见MarkDunkley, ShipsandBoats, 1840–1950 (s.l.: HistoricEngland, 2016).关于运费率,参见DouglassC.North,“OceanFreightRatesandEconomicDevelopment1750–1913,”JournalofEconomicHistory18 (1958): 537–555; FedericoandTenaJunguito,“WorldTrade, 1800–1938”。
[10]GelinaHarlafis, CreatingGlobalShipping (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversityPress, 2019); H?kenLobell,“ForeignExchangeRates, 1804–1914,”SwedishRjksbank, , tableA-6, accessedMarch15, 2020.
[11]AntoniEstevadeordal, BrianFrantz, ,“TheRiseandFallofWorldTrade, 1870–1939,”QuarterlyJournalofEconomics188 (2003): 359–407; FindlayandO’Rourke, PowerandPlenty, 404–405.
哦豁,小伙伴们如果觉得倾城文选不错,记得收藏网址 或推荐给朋友哦~拜托啦 (>.<)
传送门:
全球化简史
全球化简史简介
全球化简史 豆瓣