[1]关于奥纳西斯，参见Harlafis, CreatingGlobalShipping, 193。
[2]钢铁产量数据出自国际钢铁协会。引文出自CenterforNavalAnalysis,“ABriefHistoryofShipbuildinginRecentTimes,”CRMD0006988.A1/Final (September2002); OECD, TradeandStructuralAdjustment: EmbracingGlobalization (Paris: OECD, 2005), 244–251; OECDWorkingPartyonShipbuilding,“ImbalancesintheShipbuildingIndustryandAssessmentofPolicyResponses,”C/WP6(2016)6/final (April2017)。1956年至1970年间，美国对造船业的补贴超过10亿美元。USHouseofRepresentatives, CommitteeonWaysandMeans, TradewithJapan, Serial96–121 (Washington, DC: GovernmentPrintingOffice, 1980), 123, , JapaneseIndustrialPolicy (London: PolicyStudiesInstitute, 1980).
[3], Asia’sNextGiant: SouthKoreaandLateIndustrialization (NewYork: OxfordUniversityPress, 1989), 269–290.
[4]1984年，韩国船厂无法按时向航运公司交付6艘预订的集装箱船。LarsBrunoandStigTenold,“TheBasisforSouthKorea’sAscentintheShipbuildingIndustry, 1970–1990,”Mariner’sMirror97 (2011): 201–217.
[5]OECDCouncilWorkingPartyonShipbuilding,“PeerReviewofJapaneseGovernmentSupportMeasurestotheShipbuildingSector,”C/WP6(2012)26 (2012), 7.
[6]“FünfeKolonne,”DerSpiegel, April16, 1973.
[7]ErikLindner, DieHerrenderContainer (Hamburg: HoffmannundCampeVerlag, 2008), 87–97, quote91.
[8]EuropeanCommission,“CommunityGuidelinesonStateAidtoMaritimeTransport,”97/C205 ( July5, 1997), 11; EuropeanCommission,“CommunityGuidelinesonStateAidtoMaritimeTransport,”2004/C13 ( January17, 2004), 6.
[9]OleAndersen,“TheRiseandFallofGermanShipping,”Shippingwatch, May2014.
[10]UlrikeDauer,“CommerzbankMovestoRepayMoreStateAid,”WallStreetJournal, March13, 2013; ArnoSchuetzeandJanSchwartz,“StateOwnersSellGermany’sHSHNordbanktoBuyoutGroups,”Reuters, February28, 2018, ; UNCTAD, ReviewofMaritimeTransport2018 (NewYork: UN, 2018), 29.
[11]MyrtoKalouptsidi,“DetectionandImpactofIndustrialSubsidies: TheCaseofChineseShipbuilding,”ReviewofEconomicStudies85 (2018): 1111–1158.2009年的一项特别补贴计划有着几乎相同的效果，它鼓励国有船运公司购买污染更少的新船替换老旧船只。马士基在2007年4月做了运费比较，参见“ContainerMarketCrashontheHorizon?”Fairplay, September22, 2005;“NewDecadeofBurstingYardsPredicted,”Fairplay, October13, 2005。
[12]MargotRoosevelt,“BattlesEruptoverWarehouseJobsastheLegislatureMovestoCurbSubsidies,”LosAngelesTimes, May13, 2019; OfficeofInspectorGeneral, UnitedStatesPostalService,“TerminalDuesintheAgeofEcommerce,”RRC-WP-16-OU3 (December14, 2015).
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