[1]AndreaAndrenelli, IzaLejàrraga, SébastienMiroudot, andLetiziaMontinari, MicroevidenceonCorporateRelationshipsinGlobalValueChains,”OECDtradepolicypaper227 (2019).
[2],“TheGloballyIntegratedEnterprise,”ForeignAffairs, May–June2006.
[3]AlexBarkerandPeterCampbell,“HondaFacestheRealCostofBrexitinaFormerSpitfirePlant,”FinancialTimes, June29, 2018; USNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration (NHTSA),“Part583AmericanAutomobileLabelingActReports,”NHTSA, June4, 2019, .
[4], , , ,“GlobalFirms,”JournalofEconomicLiterature56 (2018): 565–619; ,“GlobalValueChainParticipationandtheProductivityofCanadianManufacturingFirms,”InstituteforResearchinPublicPolicy, March17, 2016, .
[5],“GainsfromTradewhenFirmsMatter,”JournalofEconomicPerspectives26 (2012): 91–118; CarolynFreundandMarthaDenissePierola,“TheOriginsandDynamicsofExportSuperstars,”PetersonInstituteofInternationalEconomicsworkingpaper16–11 (2016); RicardoMonge-González, MovinguptheGlobalValueChain: TheCaseofIntelCostaRica (Lima: InternationalLabourOrganization, 2017).
[6]IHSMarkit,“iPhone3GSCarries $178.96BOMandManufacturingCost, iSuppliTeardownReveals,”pressrelease, Omdia, June24, 2009, .
[7]YuqingXingandNealDetert,“HowtheiPhoneWidenstheUnitedStatesTradeDeficitwiththePeople’sRepublicofChina,”AsianDevelopmentBankInstituteworkingpaper257 (2010).
[8]苹果公司没有公布从3G版苹果手机的销售中获得了多少净利润。我们用苹果公司在2009年第4季度的净利润率（约为19%）乘以3G版苹果手机的平均售价来估算该公司从每部手机中获得的利润。净利润率的计算方法是净收入除以总收入，2009财年各型号的苹果手机及相关产品的销售额占苹果公司总销售额的30%，2010财年占39%，3G版苹果手机的净利润率可能高于或低于公司的整体净利润率。
[9],“TechnologyandProductionFragmentation: DomesticversusForeignSourcing,”ReviewofEconomicStudies84 (2017): 650–687; RichardBaldwinandJavierLopezGonzalez,“Supply-ChainTrade: APortraitofGlobalPatternsandSeveralTestableHypotheses,”WorldEconomy38 (2015): 1682–1721.
[10]这部分的数据引自经合组织–世界贸易组织附加值数据库。
[11]WTO, WorldTradeStatisticalReview2017, tableA54, .
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