[1]1987年,世界人口是50亿。根据世界银行的估计,其中70%的人,即35亿人的家中通了电。到了2017年,世界人口达到75亿,其中87%的人,即65亿人的家中通了电。根据经合组织的数据,全球牛肉消费量从1990年的4700万吨增加到了2017年的7000万吨。根据一项估计,国际贸易带来的经济收益是与其有关的温室气体排放造成的环境损失的161倍,参见JosephS.Shapiro,“TradeCosts, CO2, andtheEnvironment,”AmericanEconomicJournal: EconomicPolicy8 (2016): 220–254。
[2]Jean-YvesHuwartandLo?cVerdier, EconomicGlobalisation: OriginsandConsequences (Paris: OECD, 2013): 114; ElizabethEconomy, TheRiverRunsBlack (Ithaca, NY: CornellUniversityPress, 2004);“China’sWaronParticulatePollutionIsCausingMoreSevereOzonePollution,”ScienceDaily, January2, 2019; JintaiLin, DaPan, , QiangZhang, KebinHe, CanWang, , , andDaboGuan,“China’sInternationalTradeandAirPollutionintheUnitedStates,”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUSA111 (2014): 1736–1741.
[3]InternationalUnionfortheProtectionofNature (Brussels: , 1948).
[4]RachelCarson, SilentSpring (Boston: HoughtonMifflin, 1962); PaulEhrlich, ThePopulationBomb (NewYork: BallantineBooks, 1968); , , J?rgenRanders, , TheLimitstoGrowth (NewYork: UniverseBooks, 1972), 23.
[5],“StratosphericSinkforChlorofluoromethanes: ChlorineAtomic-CatalysedDestructionofOzone,”Nature249 (1974): 810–812;“LifeundertheOzoneHole,”Newsweek, December8, 1991; , FreerTrade, ProtectedEnvironment (NewYork: CouncilonForeignRelations, 1994), 89–93.
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